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Archive

Issue:

1(91)/2023

Przemysław Ciesiółka, Łukasz Mikuła, Paweł Churski, Bartłomiej Kołsut

Model struktury funkcjonalno‑przestrzennej w strategii rozwoju ponadlokalnego

W artykule zaprezentowany został model struktury funkcjonalno-przestrzennej w strategii rozwoju ponadlokalnego, który jest próbą przełożenia na grunt polski założeń nowego paradygmatu planistycznego, określanego w literaturze światowej jako strategiczne planowanie przestrzenne (spatial planning). Wykorzystano w tym względzie nowe regulacje prawne, określone w ustawie z dnia 15 lipca 2020 r. o zmianie ustawy o zasadach prowadzenia polityki rozwoju oraz niektórych innych ustaw, które z uwagi na swoją dużą ogólność pozwalały na autorskie podejście do ich interpretacji i implementacji. Przedstawiono różne wymiary prób integracji planowania strategicznego i przestrzennego podejmowanych w polskim systemie prawnym na przestrzeni lat, aż do czasów współczesnych. Ponadto zdefiniowano rolę strategii rozwoju ponadlokalnego w zintegrowanym planowaniu rozwoju w Polsce, a także opisano różne typy obszarów funkcjonalnych, stanowiące punkt wyjścia do różnicowania zakresu modelu struktury funkcjonalno-przestrzennej. Następnie pogłębiono opis najważniejszych elementów modelu, a także przedstawiono inne elementy wymiaru przestrzennego w nowych strategiach rozwoju ponadlokalnego. Wskazano na wartość dodaną integracji sfery planowania strategicznego i przestrzennego, która ma duże znaczenie dla poprawy ich skuteczności i efektywności oraz dla zwiększenia akceptacji społecznej wobec podejmowanych działań.

Model of Functional and Spatial Structure in the Strategy of Supra-Local Development

The article presents a model of functional-spatial structure in the strategy of supra-local development, which is an attempt to translate the assumptions of the new planning paradigm, referred to in the world literature as strategic spatial planning, into Polish ground. In this regard, the new legal regulations set forth in the Act of July 15, 2020 on amending the Act on the principles of development policy and certain other acts were used, which, due to their high generality, allowed the authors’ approach to their interpretation and implementation. The paper presents the various dimensions of integration of strategic and spatial planning undertaken in the Polish legal system over the years up to the present day. In addition, the role of supra-local development strategies in integrated development planning in Poland is defined, and different types of functional areas are described, which are the starting point for differentiating the scope of the functional-spatial structure model. Then the description of the most important elements of the model was deepened, and other elements of the spatial dimension in the new supra-local development strategies were presented. The added value of integrating the spheres of strategic and spatial planning was pointed out, which is important for improving their effectiveness and efficiency, as well as for increasing public acceptance of the measures taken.

Affiliation:
Przemysław Ciesiółka: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Geografii Społeczno‑Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, ul. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań; ORCID: 0000-0001-9478-0500; przemko@amu.edu.pl
Łukasz Mikuła: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Geografii Społeczno‑Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, ul. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań; ORCID: 0000-0001-9276-4574; mikula@amu.edu.pl
Paweł Churski: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Geografii Społeczno‑Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, ul. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań; ORCID: 0000-0002-4152-1211; chur@amu.edu.pl
Bartłomiej Kołsut: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Geografii Społeczno‑Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, ul. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań; ORCID: 0000-0002-9248-4780; bartkol@amu.edu.pl
Anna Kurniewicz, Paweł Swianiewicz, Julita Łukomska

Wpływ statusu stolicy wojewódzkiej na rozwój miast – przypadek reform w latach 1975 i 1999 w Polsce

Niektóre teorie rozwoju regionalnego (np. nowa geografia ekonomiczna) sugerują istnienie pozytywnego związku między statusem stołecznym miasta a dynamiką jego rozwoju gospodarczego i ludnościowego. Wśród czynników wyjaśniających tę relację wymienia się dostępność dóbr stołecznych, a także popyt generowany przez instytucje publiczne. Większość studiów empirycznych w literaturze międzynarodowej koncentruje się jednak na stolicach państw oraz podmiotów federacji. Na podstawie danych empirycznych i analizy dotychczasowej literatury artykuł porównuje wpływ reform przeprowadzonych w 1975 i 1999 r. na rozwój miast zyskujących lub tracących funkcję stolicy województwa w Polsce. Wskazuje na różnice we wpływie wywołanym przez obie reformy i stara się wyjaśnić czynniki decydujące o tych różnicach.

The Impact of Regional Capital Status on Development of Cities: The Case of the 1975 and 1999 Reforms in Poland

Several theories of regional development (e.g. new economic geography) claim positive relationship between administrative status of capital cities and their economic and population growth. Availability of capital goods as well as direct and indirect demand generated by administrative institutions are among factors which accelerate development. However, most of empirical studies so far have concentrated either on national capitals or on federal states. In our article we conduct empirical tests comparing the impact of reforms implemented in 1975 and 1999 in Poland on the development of cities gaining or losing their regional capital functions. On the basis of those results the article indicates differences in impacts of both reforms and attempts to explain those differences.

Affiliation:
Anna Kurniewicz: niezależna badaczka; ORCID: 0000-0002-0339-6093; annakurniewicz@gmail.com
Paweł Swianiewicz: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Instytut Gospodarki Przestrzennej, ul. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław; ORCID: 0000-0002-1890-6738; pawel.swianiewicz@upwr.edu.pl
Julita Łukomska: Katedra Rozwoju i Polityki Lokalnej, Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych, Uniwersytet Warszawski, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warszawa; ORCID: 0000-0003-3796-7314; j.lukomska@uw.edu.pl
Łukasz Drozda

Gentrification in a Post-Socialist Rural Context – The Case of Polish Vineyards

This article aims to present the rarely examined process of rural gentrification in Poland via the example of the vineyard sector, which is a new and dynamically growing segment in the local agriculture. This paper uses quantitative data collected from public statistics, a spatial analysis conducted by GIS, and an authorial survey conducted among vineyard owners. The research findings have revealed that ‘vineyard gentrification’ does not match the classic rent gap theory; furthermore, being a non-socially severe preliminary rural gentrification performed mostly by high-class representatives, it differs significantly from the traditional pattern in Polish farming.

Gentrification in a Post-Socialist Rural Context – The Case of Polish Vineyards

This article aims to present the rarely examined process of rural gentrification in Poland via the example of the vineyard sector, which is a new and dynamically growing segment in the local agriculture. This paper uses quantitative data collected from public statistics, a spatial analysis conducted by GIS, and an authorial survey conducted among vineyard owners. The research findings have revealed that ‘vineyard gentrification’ does not match the classic rent gap theory; furthermore, being a non-socially severe preliminary rural gentrification performed mostly by high-class representatives, it differs significantly from the traditional pattern in Polish farming.

Affiliation:
Łukasz Drozda: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Stosowanych Nauk Społecznych i Resocjalizacji, ul. Żurawia 4, 00-503 Warszawa; ORCID: 0000-0002-6445-0233; lukaszdrozda@uw.edu.pl
Oleksiy Gnatiuk, Kostyantyn Mezentsev, Grygorii Pidgrushnyi

Nexus of Religion, Ethnicity, and Geopolitics – A Case of Geopolitical Fault-Line Cities in Eastern Ukraine

This paper explores the interrelationships between religious attitudes, ethnic and linguistic identities, and geopolitical preferences in three geopolitical fault-line cities in Eastern Ukraine – Mariupol, Kharkiv, and Dnipro. The research is based on data taken from a survey and the associated descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings suggest that the religious divide in Eastern Ukraine does not generate additional division but instead strengthens the existing divide, which is known to be formulated in terms of geopolitical as opposed to language or ethnicity-based categories, although language and ethnicity do have an influence on geopolitical preferences. Moreover, civic-national identity appears to be more relevant than ethnic-national identity to understanding the religious fault-line in Eastern Ukraine.

Nexus of Religion, Ethnicity, and Geopolitics – A Case of Geopolitical Fault-Line Cities in Eastern Ukraine

This paper explores the interrelationships between religious attitudes, ethnic and linguistic identities, and geopolitical preferences in three geopolitical fault-line cities in Eastern Ukraine – Mariupol, Kharkiv, and Dnipro. The research is based on data taken from a survey and the associated descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings suggest that the religious divide in Eastern Ukraine does not generate additional division but instead strengthens the existing divide, which is known to be formulated in terms of geopolitical as opposed to language or ethnicity-based categories, although language and ethnicity do have an influence on geopolitical preferences. Moreover, civic-national identity appears to be more relevant than ethnic-national identity to understanding the religious fault-line in Eastern Ukraine.

Affiliation:
Oleksiy Gnatiuk: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Economic and Social Geography, Volodymyrska St, 64/13, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01601; ORCID: 0000-0003-1818-2415; alexgnat22@ukr.net
Kostyantyn Mezentsev: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Economic and Social Geography, Volodymyrska St, 64/13, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01601; ORCID: 0000-0003-1974-7860; mezentsev@knu.ua
Grygorii Pidgrushnyi: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Geography, Volodymyrska St, 44, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01054; ORCID: 0000-0003-2116-8366 ; pidgrush@gmail.com
Nataliya A. Vinnykova, Ruslan O. Zaporozhchenko

Dynamics of Social Cleavages under Ongoing War in Ukraine

The war initiated by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022 can be seen as a drastic shock event with unpredictable long-term socio-political consequences at the national, regional and global levels. This study aims to identify the impact of war-related disturbances on the dynamics of social cleavages in Ukraine, in particular the possibility of deepening or diminishing such cleavages or promoting the occurrence of new ones. For decades, the internal partition of Ukraine into East and West has been attributed to national self-identification, linguistic and religious peculiarities and the geopolitical preferences of residents of different regions. Shortly before and after the outbreak of the Russian invasion, fundamental changes in Ukrainian society and domestic politics became evident, some of which can be interpreted as signs of the mitigation of social cleavages. Our findings revealed at least two significant shifts in these ‘old’, traditional cleavages: one occurred after the Revolution of Dignity and the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014, and the second one is emerging now, due to the full-scale war on Ukrainian territory against the Ukrainian people. More broadly, this research aims to assess the resilience of social cleavages in the face of a shock event.

Dynamics of Social Cleavages under Ongoing War in Ukraine

The war initiated by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022 can be seen as a drastic shock event with unpredictable long-term socio-political consequences at the national, regional and global levels. This study aims to identify the impact of war-related disturbances on the dynamics of social cleavages in Ukraine, in particular the possibility of deepening or diminishing such cleavages or promoting the occurrence of new ones. For decades, the internal partition of Ukraine into East and West has been attributed to national self-identification, linguistic and religious peculiarities and the geopolitical preferences of residents of different regions. Shortly before and after the outbreak of the Russian invasion, fundamental changes in Ukrainian society and domestic politics became evident, some of which can be interpreted as signs of the mitigation of social cleavages. Our findings revealed at least two significant shifts in these ‘old’, traditional cleavages: one occurred after the Revolution of Dignity and the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014, and the second one is emerging now, due to the full-scale war on Ukrainian territory against the Ukrainian people. More broadly, this research aims to assess the resilience of social cleavages in the face of a shock event.

Affiliation:
Nataliya A. Vinnykova: Department of Political Science, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61022, Maidan Svobody, 4, Kharkiv, Ukraine; ORCID: 0000-0001-5941-7562; vinnykova@karazin.ua
Ruslan O. Zaporozhchenko: Department of Political Science, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61022, Maidan Svobody, 4, Kharkiv, Ukraine; ORCID: 0000-0001-7353-4933; zaporozhchenko@karazin.ua
Oleh Petryshyn

Population Loss Through Migration and Internal Displacement as a Risk Factor for Stronghold Territorial Communities in Post-Invasion Ukraine

This article examines the potential risks of permanent population loss in Ukraine on account of Russian military actions dating back to 2014, which has hindered the ability of the stronghold territorial communities to recover. It outlines the context of displacement in Ukraine over the past eight years, assesses displaced people’s direct needs and considers both national and local policies to meet them. Finally, it forecasts factors that will impact the reluctance of displaced persons to return to the stronghold territories and details the necessary national and local responses.

Population Loss Through Migration and Internal Displacement as a Risk Factor for Stronghold Territorial Communities in Post-Invasion Ukraine

This article examines the potential risks of permanent population loss in Ukraine on account of Russian military actions dating back to 2014, which has hindered the ability of the stronghold territorial communities to recover. It outlines the context of displacement in Ukraine over the past eight years, assesses displaced people’s direct needs and considers both national and local policies to meet them. Finally, it forecasts factors that will impact the reluctance of displaced persons to return to the stronghold territories and details the necessary national and local responses.

Affiliation:
Oleh Petryshyn: Scientific Research Institute of State Building and Local Government at the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Chernyshevska Street, 80, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine; ORCID: 0000-0002-6099-8832; o.o.petryshyn@nlu.edu.ua