The military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which started in 2014 and came to another active phase in February 2022, may change Ukraine’s foreign trade in terms of both its geography and product structure. The regions of Ukraine will not only have to recover from the consequences of destruction, but also to seek new directions of foreign economic activity and build connections with reliable partners such as the European Union and the United States. The paper presents an analysis of changes in the foreign trade of Ukraine and its regions since 2014 and examines shifts in trade flows in the direction of Western leaders of global trade. The case of Georgia, another target of Russian military intervention, in the reorientation of its trade flows, is also considered.
The aim of the article is to present the local government in Georgia. Among post-Soviet, non-EU states, Georgia may be praised for the greatest progress in reforming local and regional authorities. It does not mean, however, that the decentralisation process is over. It has been blocked mainly by the lack of own incomes of local governments and limitations of a political nature. In order to assess the state of development of local government in Georgia, the author has made a review of legislation and an analysis of press releases, statistical data and reports of experts. He also used a case study of the former mayor of Tbilisi, Gigi Ugulava.
The article examines cooperation between cities from Poland and the South Caucasus, focusing on its forms and joint projects. The analysis is based on the results of a questionnaire sent out to Polish cities with a population of more than 50,000. It included questions about the nature of cooperation, initiatives underway, and the importance of regional issues in these relations. This allowed for a detailed understanding of their involvement in international contacts. The main purpose of the article is to show how Polish cities – through projects with cities in Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan – support intercultural dialogue and regional development, highlighting the growing role of local diplomacy.