Apart from traditional fashion trade fairs understood as specialist events addressed to a limited number of business clients, a growing popularity of B2C fashion fairs has been observed in recent years in Poland, in particular in large cities. Such events provide opportunities for purchasing unique clothing, offering possibilities for cultural distinction but also for spending leisure time, engaging in social interactions, and participating in urban arenas. They are in line with broader phenomena such as the festivalisation of urban space, the development of the experience economy, and the ecologisation of consumption. The aim of this article is to show the scope of this phenomenon in the Polish context. Proposing a typology according to this sort of fashion events as well as places where they occur, the authors attempt to show the intraurban and interurban specificity of fashion fairs, pointing to main centres and important factors of their location.
The paper explores the application of the gravity model, namely the delineation of the urban predominant influence areas via the generation of the multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram, to the socio-economic regionalisation and administrative territorial division of Ukraine, including the existing state of affairs and several proposals on their improvement. The research uses quantitative statistical data on interregional migration and rail passenger traffic within the country, processed via the Statistica analytics software, and a subsequent spatial analysis conducted by GIS. The findings suggest that the gravity model can serve as a tool for optimisation the administrative territorial division, as well as for the delineation of the planning regions and urban hinterlands. At the same time, it has certain limitations and should not be treated as a panacea for regional planning and development.
The ability to achieve the assumed waste recycling targets depends on the efficiency of waste management systems. Poland, as a member of the EU, has committed to achieving the recycling levels gradually i.e. at the level of 55% in 2025, 60% in 2030 and 65% in 2035 but whether it will meet the targets depends, among other things, on the efficiency of the waste collection system. The aim of the study is to check the cost efficiency of selective waste collection in the group of Polish voivodeship cities in the years 2020–2023. The study used a set of indicators for the assessment, including those proposed by the authors, calculated on the basis of reports on the implementation of city budgets and data from the Central Statistical Office. The analysis shows that cost efficiency is very diverse in the cities under scrutiny, and local governments are looking for the optimisation of municipal waste management systems, i.e. the best ratio of revenues from fees to costs. Based on the obtained results, it can be assumed that achieving the assumed waste recycling levels will be a significant challenge – or even an impossible task – for all voivodeship cities in Poland, which can constitute a source of actions to improve this state of affairs for local government authorities in Poland.