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5(Special Issue)/2010

Grzegorz Gorzelak
Facts and Myths of Regional Development

The article was published in Polish in "Studia Regionalne i Lokalne", 2/2009

 

The paper critically discusses several widespread views about regional development and how it can be stimulated by regional policy. It is argued that in the current development paradigm it is neither possible nor expedient to achieve regional convergence, which in effect would lead to a deep change in understanding the very assumptions of the EU Cohesion policy. It is indicated that external stimuli do not lead to an accelerated growth in lagging regions, which is especially true in the case of infrastructural projects, especially those which are related to incidental events, like expositions or sports championships. One of the most broadly used models for an ex ante evaluation – the HERMIN model – is also discussed.

Facts and Myths of Regional Development

The paper critically discusses several widespread views about regional development and how it can be stimulated by regional policy. It is argued that in the current development paradigm it is neither possible nor expedient to achieve regional convergence, which in effect would lead to a deep change in understanding the very assumptions of the EU Cohesion policy. It is indicated that external stimuli do not lead to an accelerated growth in lagging regions, which is especially true in the case of infrastructural projects, especially those which are related to incidental events, like expositions or sports championships. One of the most broadly used models for an ex ante evaluation – the HERMIN model – is also discussed.

Afiliacja:
Grzegorz Gorzelak: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG), (ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa); g.gorzelak@uw.edu.pl
Mikołaj Herbst
Creation and Absorption of Human Capital by Academic Cities in Poland

The article was published in Polish in "Studia Regionalne i Lokalne", 4/2009

 

Human capital stock affects economic growth by raising the productivity of labour in a given area or by enhancing the ability of the regional economy to create and absorb innovations. From the perspective of an academic city, this process can be reinforced by attracting students and researchers to study and work at the local universities. To do this successfully, the city needs not only high quality academic institutions but also a wider labour market for educated individuals and, more generally, the ability to attract the creative class to settle down. The article provides a comparative analysis of the capacity of the largest Polish cities to attract and absorb human capital. The research is based on a unique dataset coming from the nasza-klasa.pl website (which allows users to contact their former classmates). The research concludes with the typology of Polish cities with respect to benefits from performing the academic function.

Creation and Absorption of Human Capital by Academic Cities in Poland

Human capital stock affects economic growth by raising the productivity of labour in a given area or by enhancing the ability of the regional economy to create and absorb innovations. From the perspective of an academic city, this process can be reinforced by attracting students and researchers to study and work at the local universities. To do this successfully, the city needs not only high quality academic institutions but also a wider labour market for educated individuals and, more generally, the ability to attract the creative class to settle down. The article provides a comparative analysis of the capacity of the largest Polish cities to attract and absorb human capital. The research is based on a unique dataset coming from the nasza-klasa.pl website (which allows users to contact their former classmates). The research concludes with the typology of Polish cities with respect to benefits from performing the academic function.

Afiliacja:
Mikołaj Herbst: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG), (ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa); m.herbst@uw.edu.pl
Bohdan Jałowiecki
City for Sale. Metropolisation in Peripheral Capitalism

Whose is the city? This question only superficially refers to the past when at least some cities were in fact law-making, autonomous communities of their citizens. Unlike in the past, the contemporary city is a random collection of individuals gathered in a space with no clear boundaries, who in their majority have a weak sense of identification with the place of their residence, whether longer or shorter. The residents of such a city are not citizens but merely users of space which has become a commodity. Taking Warsaw as an example, the paper shows the process of selling out the city space, which is driven by globalisation and metropolisation processes. The consequence of this is privatisation and fragmentation of space, leading to the evaporation of public space in the city.

City for Sale. Metropolisation in Peripheral Capitalism

Whose is the city? This question only superficially refers to the past when at least some cities were in fact law-making, autonomous communities of their citizens. Unlike in the past, the contemporary city is a random collection of individuals gathered in a space with no clear boundaries, who in their majority have a weak sense of identification with the place of their residence, whether longer or shorter. The residents of such a city are not citizens but merely users of space which has become a commodity. Taking Warsaw as an example, the paper shows the process of selling out the city space, which is driven by globalisation and metropolisation processes. The consequence of this is privatisation and fragmentation of space, leading to the evaporation of public space in the city.

Afiliacja:
Bohdan Jałowiecki: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG), (ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa); jalowiecki@post.pl
Agnieszka Olechnicka, Adam Płoszaj
Spatial Aspects of Collaborative Networks in Science - Lessons from Poland

The article was published in Polish in "Studia Regionalne i Lokalne", 4/2010

 

The notion of a network is one of the key terms used to describe the contemporary world. The role of cooperation networks is also stressed in the context of innovation and its spatial aspects. In this particular case, most attention is given to metropolises as major networks of flows not only of people, capital or goods, but also of information and knowledge. The paper discusses selected spatial aspects of collaborative networks in Polish science. The discussion of examples is preceded by a theoretical introduction intended to outline various aspects of innovation networks at national and regional levels, with particular emphasis on the role of metropolises in collaborative networks.

Spatial Aspects of Collaborative Networks in Science - Lessons from Poland

The notion of a network is one of the key terms used to describe the contemporary world. The role of cooperation networks is also stressed in the context of innovation and its spatial aspects. In this particular case, most attention is given to metropolises as major networks of flows not only of people, capital or goods, but also of information and knowledge. The paper discusses selected spatial aspects of collaborative networks in Polish science. The discussion of examples is preceded by a theoretical introduction intended to outline various aspects of innovation networks at national and regional levels, with particular emphasis on the role of metropolises in collaborative networks.

Afiliacja:
Agnieszka Olechnicka: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG), ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa; a.olechnicka@uw.edu.pl
Adam Płoszaj: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG), ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa; a.ploszaj@uw.edu.pl
Lucyna Rajca
The Concept of New Public Management and Local Government Reforms in Selected Western European Countries

The article was published in Polish in "Studia Regionalne i Lokalne", 2/2009

 

The reforms driven by New Public Management (NPM) led to the introduction of management principles in local governments, marketisation and outsourcing. They made the greatest impact in the United Kingdom, but were also put in place in other European countries such as Ireland, Sweden, Germany, and – to the least degree – in France (compared to other countries discussed in this paper). There is a risk that NPM-inspired reforms may come to lose sight of the underlying social purpose of public services. NPM has not however become a new, universal model for public sector management. Issues tackled in the debate concerning the reform of public services have moved (mostly in the UK) beyond the concerns of NPM towards the emerging concept of networked community governance.

The Concept of New Public Management and Local Government Reforms in Selected Western European Countries

The reforms driven by New Public Management (NPM) led to the introduction of management principles in local governments, marketisation and outsourcing. They made the greatest impact in the United Kingdom, but were also put in place in other European countries such as Ireland, Sweden, Germany, and – to the least degree – in France (compared to other countries discussed in this paper). There is a risk that NPM-inspired reforms may come to lose sight of the underlying social purpose of public services. NPM has not however become a new, universal model for public sector management. Issues tackled in the debate concerning the reform of public services have moved (mostly in the UK) beyond the concerns of NPM towards the emerging concept of networked community governance.

Afiliacja:
Lucyna Rajca: Instytut Nauk Politycznych, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego - Institute of Political Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences (ul. Żeromskiego 5 25-369 Kielce); lucynarajca@interia.pl
Przemysław Śleszyński
Structural, Spatial and Functional Changes in the Development of Entreprise Following Poland’s Accession to the European Union

The article was published in Polish in "Studia Regionalne i Lokalne", 3/2009

 

The article provides a comparison of the dynamic increase in the number of enterprises relative to the working-age population in the private sector in the years 2001–2004 (the immediate pre-accession period) and 2004–2007 (the immediate post-accession period). The study was conducted with regard to the main sectors of economic activity (agriculture, industry, lower-order services and higher-order services), as well as the functional diversity of municipalities, or gminas (urban and suburban categories, transportation corridors, tourism, etc., for a total of 16 categories). The study indicates a decline, inertia, spatial polarisation and tessellated spatial structure of the development dynamic of private enterprises.

Structural, Spatial and Functional Changes in the Development of Entreprise Following Poland’s Accession to the European Union

The article provides a comparison of the dynamic increase in the number of enterprises relative to the working-age population in the private sector in the years 2001–2004 (the immediate pre-accession period) and 2004–2007 (the immediate post-accession period). The study was conducted with regard to the main sectors of economic activity (agriculture, industry, lower-order services and higher-order services), as well as the functional diversity of municipalities, or gminas (urban and suburban categories, transportation corridors, tourism, etc., for a total of 16 categories). The study indicates a decline, inertia, spatial polarisation and tessellated spatial structure of the development dynamic of private enterprises.

Afiliacja:
Przemysław Śleszyński: Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences (ul. Twarda 51/55, 03-468 Warszawa); psleszyn@twarda.pan.pl
Maciej Smętkowski, Piotr Wójcik
Regional Development in Central and Eastern Europe

The article was published in Polish in "Studia Regionalne i Lokalne", 4/2009

 

The aim of this article is to outline growth tendencies and growth factors in the subregions (NUTS 3) of Central and Eastern Europe in the period 1998–2006. A wide range of complementary research methods has been used in order to triangulate results, starting with classical beta and sigma convergence analysis, to kernel density estimation, transition matrices, spatial autocorrelation and multi-dimensional comparisons. Some rarely discussed aspects of the influence of capital regions on growth processes have been taken into account. An additional analysis of the data in relation to country averages produced results independent of the country context. As a result, we have been able to answer the following questions: do the analysed countries experience regional convergence or rather divergence/polarisation processes? What factors determine the dynamics of regional growth? What are the main dimensions of spatial disparities in Central and Eastern Europe?

Regional Development in Central and Eastern Europe

The aim of this article is to outline growth tendencies and growth factors in the subregions (NUTS 3) of Central and Eastern Europe in the period 1998–2006. A wide range of complementary research methods has been used in order to triangulate results, starting with classical beta and sigma convergence analysis, to kernel density estimation, transition matrices, spatial autocorrelation and multi-dimensional comparisons. Some rarely discussed aspects of the influence of capital regions on growth processes have been taken into account. An additional analysis of the data in relation to country averages produced results independent of the country context. As a result, we have been able to answer the following questions: do the analysed countries experience regional convergence or rather divergence/polarisation processes? What factors determine the dynamics of regional growth? What are the main dimensions of spatial disparities in Central and Eastern Europe?

Afiliacja:
Maciej Smętkowski: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG), ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa; msmetkowski@uw.edu.pl
Piotr Wójcik: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych, Zakład Teorii Rozwoju Gospodarczego, ul. Długa 44/50, 00-241 Warszawa; pwojcik@wne.uw.edu.pl