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Olha Skyba, Yurii Liannoi, Yuliia Tonkopei, Olha Lianna. The Establishment of the Public Health System in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Condition of National Security (Experience Acquired Before the War)

The authors have determined that the healthcare system is on the verge of collapse, as it is unable to meet the population’s growing needs for medical care. An analysis of demographic situation and health indices of the adult population in the north-eastern region of Ukraine (based on the example of the Sumy region) was carried out. The study confirms the number of deaths caused by COVID-19, the growth of new cases of coronavirus, and the excessive burden on primary care physicians and infectious disease specialists. It has been determined that the negative state of the domestic healthcare system is due to the shortcomings of public administration and organisation of this system in terms of COVID-19. One of the most important priorities of public policy should be to preserve and strengthen the health of the population, the development of intersectoral cooperation on the principle of ‘healthcare – in all state policies’, and the priority of the nation itself, i.e. the formation of healthy behaviour.

Maciej Kowalewski. S. Low, 2003, Behind the Gates. Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America, New York, London: Routledge, 272 s. (recenzja)

Nataliya Antonyuk, Oleksandra Fedun, Nataliya Papish. Joint Border of Ukraine and the European Union: Political and Legal Aspects of Cooperation in the Field of Integrated Border Management

The article discusses the political and legal aspects and the dynamics of Ukraine’s interaction with the EU and its Member States in the field of integrated border management in order to improve interagency and international cooperation, introduce joint control at checkpoints, organise joint patrols, improve the level of security and openness of state borders and enhance their integration function. The issues of construction and modernisation of checkpoints, implementation of European border standards, customs and other types of control at the state border of Ukraine and the EU countries have been researched. The perspectives of Ukraine’s entry into the integrated border management system at the present stage have been outlined. The mechanisms of in-depth cooperation in the field of integrated border management under conditions of implementing the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU have been elucidated.

Taras G. Vasyltsiv, Olha O. Levytska, Olha P. Mulska, Ruslan L. Lupak, Iryna R. Bodnar. Destabilization of Regional Labour Markets in Ukraine under Heightened Security Threats

This article focuses on the problems of the Ukrainian economy and its regional labour markets in the context of full-scale war. The main challenges to regional development in the short and long term are identified, and the critical trends in the social stability and labour supply and demand in the regions of Ukraine in the prewar period and during the war are characterized. The authors analyse the level of balance in regional labour markets and identify the main risks and threats to their functioning and development in the context of destabilization processes. The article outlines the prospects and priorities of the state policy of stabilizing the functioning and ensuring the development of regional labour markets in Ukraine.

Anna Gąsior-Niemiec, Georg Glasze, Dorothea Lippok, Robert Pütz. Gating a city: The case of Warsaw

The paper discusses the development of gated and guarded housing estates in Poland`s capital, Warsaw. It contains a presentation of recent empirical findings based on a series of field research carried out since the 1990s in Warsaw, with a special focus on its largest residential district of Ursynow. Detailed mappings of the researched housing estates are included, which evidence their rapid spread in the district. An attempt at classifying the housing estates according to different clusters of their physical design is made. A functional analysis of their physical features is carried out against the background of a global discourse of in/security which is presumed to play a major role in the development of contemporary cities. However, several local factors, which have a bearing on gating the city of Warsaw, are also reflected upon.

Mieczysław Adamowicz, Paweł Janulewicz. Evaluation of socio-economic development of large cities in Poland – results of a study with the use of the Hellwig development pattern method

The aim of the paper is to define and evaluate the level of local socio-economic development of largest cities in Poland, as well as the differences and disproportions which appeared between them in the years 2010-2012. The subject of the research were 30 cities in Poland whose population exceeded 120 thousand. These cities fulfil key roles in the country. A literature review and an empirical analysis were used as the base for this work. The data from the Local Data Bank (by CSO) were analyzed with the use of one of the taxonomic methods – the Hellwig development pattern method. Originally, 67 diagnostic variables were examined which, after verification, were cut down to 42 variables. Five groups of variables were distinguished: demographic figures, quality and availability of cultural and educational services, labour and social security conditions, housing conditions, and economic potential. Statistical description of the cities was prepared for all the groups of variables. The differences and disproportions between the cities were revealed. After reduction, 21 variables were used. Four groups of cities representing different levels of local development were distinguished. The results of the research allow for a comparative assessment of each city with reference to its characteristics. The research results showed substantial differences and disproportions in the level of local socio-economic development of the surveyed cities. The used method proved to be an adequate tool for local development analysis. The synthetic measures and indexes proved to be a useful tool of city management.

Anna Gąsior-Niemiec, Georg Glasze, Dorothea Lippok, Robert Pütz. Gating the City: The Case of Warsaw

The paper discusses the development of gated and guarded housing estates in the Polish capital city of Warsaw. It contains a presentation of recent empirical findings based on a series of field research carried out since the 1990s in the city with a special focus on its largest residential district of Ursynów. Detailed mappings of the researched housing estates are included, which evidence their rapid spread in the district. An attempt at classifying the housing estates according to different clusters of their physical design is made. A functional analysis of their physical features is carried out against the background of a global discourse of in/security which is presumed to play a major role in the development of contemporary cities. However, several local factors, which have a bearing on gating the city of Warsaw, are also reflected upon.

Olga Mrinska. Governance responses to the economic crisis. The case of Kyiv

This paper analyses the shifts in the system of governance of Kyiv in 2008–2014 as a crucial element of the resilience capacity of the region. The consequences of the economic crisis and the ongoing security crisis demand new approaches and solutions from the city’s leadership and community. For years Kyiv suffered from poor municipal leadership and unprecedented control by the central government, which undermined the resilience of its socio-economic system in the aftermath of the global economic crisis. However, new forms of community initiatives that bring together private and non-governmental actors are becoming widespread, and are becoming critical knowledge networks that are essential for successful long-term development. Changing institutional frameworks, and the firm commitment to decentralisation proclaimed by the country’s current leadership, open new avenues for harnessing the city’s potential. The challenge is in finding ways for constructive collaboration between formal and informal leaders of the city while building a new base for sustainable and competitive economic growth.

Agnieszka Kozera. The debt ofthe metropolises in Poland in 2007–2013

The debt of local government units (LGU) is part of the public debt. Therefore, the analysis of the phenomenon of local government debt is important for the financial security of the state. In Poland, in the period 2007–2013, the debt of local government units rapidly increased, in particular in the major cities with poviat rights – metropolises. Due to the dual nature of metropolises, they perform many important tasks in the social and infrastructure sphere that determine the quality of life of their residents and contribute to the socio-economic development of the region and metropolitan areas. However, an excessive increase in debt of the metropolis may in the future be a barrier to achieving a high rate of socio-economic development. The aim of the paper is to analyze the phenomenon of indebtedness in the largest cities with poviat rights – metropolises – in Poland in the years 2007–2013. The study draws on publicly accessible databases compiled by the Ministry of Finance (Wskaźniki do oceny sytuacji fiansowej jednostek samorządu terytorialnego).

Alan S. Blinder. Offshoring – The Next Industrial Revolution?

The article addresses the nature of offshoring, a phenomenon which names the migration of jobs, but not the people who perform them, from rich countries to the poor ones. Due to fast development of technology, information flow around the globe is getting cheaper and easier. Thus, the group of tradable goods and services is constantly growing. This change will become as meaningful in its consequences as two Industrial Revolutions. The development of offshoring will become a massive challenge bringing wrenching social changes. Moreover, rich countries will have to modify their systems of education or social security net in order to adjust. themselves to new reality, and they have not done much yet. The conclusion presents the possible directions of these changes.

Bohdan Jałowiecki, Magdalena Krajewska, Karol Olejniczak. Metropolitan Class In Warsaw Space

The objective of the research was to analyze the patterns of behaviours in the urban space of the rich inhabitants of Warsaw. The targeted group can be classified as members of the rising metropolitan class. The research covered interviews with 132 inhabitants of the luxury apartments. The location of the apartments in Warsaw is in fact the result of the former socio-spatial structure of Warsaw and the subjective valorisation of urban space. The research revealed that one of the main motives for choosing the apartments as a place for living was the need of security. Another reason given by the interviewee was a sense of belonging to the own class – sense of being in a “peer group” and the prestige of the place. The inhabitants of the apartments create “a separate world” around themselves. It consists of well secured, protected, isolated houses, luxury consumption, top restaurants, malls, pubs, private schools and travels to exotic, foreign countries (for business purposes or just for vacations). The inhabitants of the apartments have spots of interests in the urban space and they travel between these isolated points of the city in their luxury cars. Thus, these members of rising metropolitan class have very limited contact with the “life on the ordinary streets”.

Włodzimierz Durka, Ryszard Czyszkiewicz. Regional and Environmental Recruitment Ranges of Universities. The Szczecin University Example

Researchers do not study territorial origins of students very often. However, it is a very important determinant of connections between universities and their social surroundings. A regional character of a university may be an essential value for local communities, who need well-educated employees capable of working in local administration, economy, education, social care, security, culture, research etc. In the article, territorial and social origins of the Szczecin University students were analysed and it was proved that several regional ranges of recruitment existed. A range is determined by distances between students’ houses and the university, although evidences of local loyalty can be also seen.

Halyna Zavarika, Olena Zelenko. An Analysis of the Features of the Organisation of Tourist Activities in the Conditions of the War in Ukraine

The article reveals topical issues regarding the consequences, possibilities of operation, and the restoration of tourism in the post-war territories of Ukraine in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study was to analyse the organisation of tourist activities under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. The article highlights preliminary data on the losses of the tourism industry in Ukraine as well as analyses and systematises specific examples of damaged natural and cultural-historical heritage on the territory of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the functioning of the subjects of the tourism industry in the conditions of the war in Ukraine are evaluated and the essence of the post-war territories is indicated. Directions for saving tourist activity in the post-war territories of Ukraine as a result of the military actions of the aggressor country are proposed. The proposals indicated in this work will be useful to all Ukrainian communities whose tourism industry has suffered great losses as a result of the military aggression. It will also be useful for representatives of the tourism industry of other countries who want to prevent, if possible, the destructive effects of war.

Liubov Ivchenko, Nataliia Pohuda, Tetyana Prymak, Oleksii Pohuda. Forecasting the Development of Passenger Air Transportation: Regional Aspect

This article examines the influence of external factors on air passenger transportation, a key component of tourism. Factors such as military conflicts, epidemics and large-scale international events can both stimulate growth in passenger traffic and cause sharp declines. Methodologically, the study is based on the analysis of statistical data for 2012–2024 on the volume of passenger air transportation, with further spatial aggregation of data and the construction of trend models for 2022–2025 for airports in countries bordering Ukraine. The results indicate a transformation of air services associated with the displacement of logistical, evacuation, and migration routes. The forecast models suggest that high activity will persist at these regional airports in the short to medium term, even if the security situation partially stabilises. The study highlights both negative and positive changes in the spatial restructuring of aviation infrastructure in Central and Eastern Europe, with an emphasis on the role of peripheral airports under new conditions of population mobility.