This article examines the potential risks of permanent population loss in Ukraine on account of Russian military actions dating back to 2014, which has hindered the ability of the stronghold territorial communities to recover. It outlines the context of displacement in Ukraine over the past eight years, assesses displaced people’s direct needs and considers both national and local policies to meet them. Finally, it forecasts factors that will impact the reluctance of displaced persons to return to the stronghold territories and details the necessary national and local responses.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the symmetry of demand and supply shocks affecting Polish voivodeships and to assess the risk of asymmetric shocks in the future. The study employs the SVAR-based Blanchard and Quah (1989) decomposition as modified by Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1992), and uses a new method of estimating quarterly GDP by voivodeships. The results point to a relatively high symmetry of shocks and a rather low risk of their occurrence. Shock asymmetry does not appear to be strongly related to differences in production structures, which is claimed in most theoretical approaches, including the Optimum Currency Areas Theory.
The article contains a regional analysis of the Ukrainian labour market risks and its minimisation recommendations in the war period. The war’s consequences were the forced migration spread, the labour force reduction, the unemployment increase, and the decline in real incomes. The analysis of regional disproportions of labour market risks during the war showed that jobs declined, wages decreased, labour supply-demand imbalance and labour competition increased in the regions with the most consequences of military actions. The migration, unemployment, and wages trend became a base for developing the labour markets advantages matrix for Ukraine’s regions.
The article was published in Polish in "Studia Regionalne i Lokalne", 2/2009
The reforms driven by New Public Management (NPM) led to the introduction of management principles in local governments, marketisation and outsourcing. They made the greatest impact in the United Kingdom, but were also put in place in other European countries such as Ireland, Sweden, Germany, and – to the least degree – in France (compared to other countries discussed in this paper). There is a risk that NPM-inspired reforms may come to lose sight of the underlying social purpose of public services. NPM has not however become a new, universal model for public sector management. Issues tackled in the debate concerning the reform of public services have moved (mostly in the UK) beyond the concerns of NPM towards the emerging concept of networked community governance.
This article reveals the geographical distribution, structures, and problematic aspects of business migration to the oblasts of the Carpathian region of Ukraine and abroad. In the context of the Russian–Ukrainian war, the article assesses the risks and threats that internal and international business migration pose to the Ukrainian economic system, economies of the Carpathian region, the internal consumer market, and business entities. Measures to mitigate the threats of business migration to the Carpathian region are offered. The implementation of certain measures will eliminate the identified threats to relocated businesses and minimise the risks to the social and economic development of the Carpathian region and Ukraine as a whole.
This paper addresses the changes in the demographic development of Ukraine in the last 125 years in quantitative parameters of demographic sustainability: alterations in population size, its gender and age structure, and natural and migration movement. Demographic sustainability is considered to be the capacity of a country’s or a region’s demography to preserve a consistent population size with optimal proportions between its age categories. Eight historical-demographic stages related to specific military-political and socio-economic events are outlined and analysed. Demographic catastrophes and crises in Ukraine were directly related to the aggression of totalitarian regimes. They occurred at the initial stages of demographic transition, so Ukraine was capable of restoring the population size, albeit with deeply disturbed demographic structures. The large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine increases the risk of the occurrence of a modern demographic catastrophe. Nowadays, the demographic sustainability of Ukraine cannot be achieved autonomously without the positive impact of external factors – the respective governmental demographic and socio-economic policies.
The accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant was one of the largest in human history. It is often referred to as a global event because its effects were felt not only by Ukrainians but also by the populations of Belarus, Russia, Central Europe, the Balkans and the Scandinavian Peninsula. 2022 marked the 36th anniversary of this terrible occurrence, when the history of Ukraine in the late twentieth century was divided into two parts: before the tragedy of 26 April 1986, and after it.
Today, it is important for Ukrainian society not only to recognise the significance of the catastrophe and remember its victims but also to find ways to overcome its grave consequences. This requires comprehensive research useful for developing new approaches to minimising the environmental and socio-demographic problems caused by the Chornobyl tragedy. Thus, this research has practical scientific, humanitarian and socio-political significance. The novelty of the obtained results lies in the study’s critical rethinking of the achievements of predecessors and its analysis of historical sources concerning the environmental and socio-demographic consequences of the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant as they manifested from 1986 to 2022.
The methodological basis of the work is empirical cognition. The use of logical-analytical methods of grouping and typology allows us to classify homogeneous events and coherently present the material of the article. The study additionally uses comparative judgment, historical-statistical and problem-chronological methods. The principles of objectivity and impartiality also play an important role in the work.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the consequences of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident on the environmental and socio-demographic aspects of the population of Ukraine from 1986 to 2022 based on the identified set of sources. From a historical perspective, the level of pollution in the territories of Ukraine is traced, the demographic situation is monitored, and parallels are drawn between the Chornobyl disaster and the increase in incurable diseases and mortality.
In conclusion, the authors note that although 36 years have passed, the echo of this catastrophe remains tangible for the population of Ukraine. Several issues still must be solved. The first is the return to life, namely, the safe living and management of areas that have been exposed to radiation contamination, as well as the continuation of work aimed at restoring agricultural soils. Second, purposeful work must be conducted by the state to minimise social and demographic problems resulting from the Chornobyl catastrophe. In our opinion, the government should increase expenditures aimed at providing quality medical services to the population of Ukraine, as well as conduct constant monitoring of the health of those people who are at high risk in order to better detect diseases in their early stages.
These groups of people include liquidators of the consequences of the accident and migrants. Such measures can stabilise the demographic situation by increasing birth rates and reducing mortality, as well as improve the health and living standards of the population of Ukraine.
Celem artykułu jest ocena zależności występującej między położeniem gmin wiejskich względem miast na prawach powiatu a osiąganymi przez nie wynikami finansowymi w zakresie: samodzielności finansowej, możliwości inwestycyjnych i płynności finansowej, wydatków oraz zobowiązań. Posłużono się przykładem jednego z największych województw w Polsce – wielkopolskiego. Realizacja postawionego celu badawczego wymagała wykorzystania analizy wariancji, dzięki której zbadano istotność różnic wskaźników finansowych w uwzględnionych grupach samorządów według lokalizacji mierzonej odległością gmin wiejskich od miast powiatowych i stolicy regionu – Poznania. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań dowiedziono, że im mniejsza jest odległość od ośrodka miejskiego, tym większe stają się samodzielność finansowa, płynność finansowa, realizacja inwestycji, jakkolwiek przy wyższym poziomie zadłużenia. Bliskość Poznania w znaczniejszym stopniu determinuje zróżnicowanie wyników finansowych gmin wiejskich niż lokalizacja w sąsiedztwie mniejszych ośrodków miejskich (miast na prawach powiatu).
Poziom adaptacyjności podstawowych jednostek administracyjnych w Polsce (gmin) ma bezpośredni wpływ na wielkość niekorzystnych konsekwencji powodzi, a tym samym na poziom ryzyka powodziowego w gminach. W ramach badań wyselekcjonowanych zostało 15 cech gmin, które kształtują proces ich adaptacji do zagrożenia powodziowego oraz pozwalają diagnozować ich adaptacyjność. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie metodyki prowadzenia badań empirycznych mających na celu pozyskanie danych obserwowalnych (wskaźników) z wykorzystaniem badań ilościowych. Wskaźniki te umożliwiają ocenę poziomu adaptacyjności gminy do zagrożenia powodziowego. Badania empiryczne z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety pozwoliły uzyskać dane niedostępne w domenie publicznej, a które są niezbędne, by zdiagnozować wszystkie cechy gminy wpływające na ocenę jej adaptacyjności do zagrożenia powodziowego. Przygotowaną ankietę wykorzystano do zbadania 18 gmin zlokalizowanych w zlewni Nysy Kłodzkiej o największym zagrożeniu powodziowym. Niemniej narzędzie badawcze ma charakter uniwersalny i może mieć zastosowanie przy analizie dowolnych zagrożeń naturalnych.
The research analyses a range of analytical materials of Ukrainian and international experts in business, economy, finance, etc., and the data of sociological surveys of the representatives of Ukrainian businesses regarding the entrepreneurship development trends in Ukraine in conditions of martial law. The analysis of these resources has revealed a substantial negative impact of the war on the export of goods and services from Ukraine, the falling sales volumes, the reducing staff of enterprises, problems with labour remuneration, and the preservation of panic in the business environment. However, there is a substantial risk that the hostilities do not end in the short run. Therefore, the authors analyse the opportunities for the creation of a specific business environment in Ukraine under martial law with the view to develop a policy directed at securing economic resilience as well as the maintenance of the country’s economic capacity. The risks and threats of doing business in Ukraine in the context of adopted amendments to legislation in conditions of war are examined. The priority steps for the elimination of possible threats of falling business activity are outlined.
This article focuses on the problems of the Ukrainian economy and its regional labour markets in the context of full-scale war. The main challenges to regional development in the short and long term are identified, and the critical trends in the social stability and labour supply and demand in the regions of Ukraine in the prewar period and during the war are characterized. The authors analyse the level of balance in regional labour markets and identify the main risks and threats to their functioning and development in the context of destabilization processes. The article outlines the prospects and priorities of the state policy of stabilizing the functioning and ensuring the development of regional labour markets in Ukraine.
Artykuł porusza kwestie związane z procesem planowania, wdrażania i rozliczania programów regionalnych ze środków europejskich. Wartość alokacji jest kilkukrotnie przeliczana z euro na złotego i odwrotnie, co oznacza, że na wyczerpanie się puli środków w ramach programu istotny wpływ ma zmienność kursu walutowego. W związku z tym sprawdzono, jakiego rodzaju działania są podejmowane przez instytucje zarządzające (IZ) w celu maksymalnego wykorzystania środków europejskich w perspektywie finansowej 2014–2020. Celem artykułu była identyfikacja działań instytucji zarządzających programami regionalnymi w aspekcie zmian alokacji środków europejskich determinowanych kursem walutowym. Aby tego dokonać, przeprowadzono badania ankietowe wśród 16 IZ w Polsce. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że wszystkie IZ zauważyły ryzyko niepełnego wykorzystania alokacji, w związku z czym podejmowały różnego rodzaju działania służące pełnej kontraktacji środków.